With more historical and paleontological discoveries, it is clearly Historical evidences and mathematical derivation of “principles ofĮvolution”. This thesis is to break the Darwinian perspective of understanding evolutionĪnd show a modern understanding of it, by citing paleontological, We started to develop rational consciousness about the universe inġ907, when Ernest Rutherford performed his historical gold-foil experimentĪnd we started getting acquainted with world at the quantum level. But, our understanding of our ownĪncestral lineage is mischievously erroneous. Primitive ancestry and from the time immemorial to our collectiveĬonsciousness we have been drawing the picture of universe and haveīeen writing down our ancestral history. The results of the dissections are textually described and illustrated by means of numerous figures.įor centuries human has been curious about understanding the From one such cadaver the skeleton was mounted. The arthrology of the rhesus monkey was studied during the maceration of several cadavers, which ultimately revealed the individual bones that were described. In addition, methyl meth-acrylate casts were prepared to gain insight into the organization of the arterial system. Not only did this technique allow for better visualization of the blood vessels, but it was also valuable during the description of the peripheral nerves. The circulatory system was studied after injection of latex into the blood vessels. The cadavers of several rhesus monkeys of either gender were dissected for gross anatomical study of the muscular, digestive, respiratory and urogenital systems. This book chapter aims to fulfill the researcher's need for easily accessible anatomical data on the rhesus monkey by presenting the essentials of its various anatomical systems. Its similarity to humans regarding the anatomy and physiology has resulted in an increasing number of studies in which the rhesus monkey serves as a model. It is postulated that long-term vasectomy results in an autoimmune response to spermatozoa that may aid in the disposal of the many spermatozoa still being produced by the testes but lacking an exit passage.Amongst the non-human primates, the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) is the most commonly investigated species in biomedical research.

Fluorescein-labelled antibody and electron microscopy show the thickened basal lamina to be in the site of antigen-antibody complexing.

Spermatozoa become agglutinated in the lumen of the ductuli where they are ingested by macrophages. The number of ciliated cells is greatly reduced and in those remaining, the characteristic lipid complexes are absent. In vasectomized animals, the ductuli enlarge as much as four times in diameter, and the epithelial basal lamina (normally 500 to 700 Å) thickens considerably (up to 3♲ μm).

Spermatozoa are less frequently found in the lumen of the ductuli but are packed together and stored in large numbers in the caudal portion of the epididymis. Normally, in their apical portions, the ciliated cells contain lipid complexes associated with mitochondria.

In intact animals, the epithelium of the ductuli efferentes consists of about equal numbers of ciliated and non-ciliated cells. Long-term vasectomy of rhesus monkeys causes many morphological and functional changes in the epididymis, particularly in the ductuli efferentes.

Rhesus mokey